This study was performed to work out whether the chronic ingestion of fermentable dietary fibre regulates the expression and synthesis of proglucagon-derived peptides in the distal intestine to modulate glucose homeostasis in dogs. 16 adult dogs were fed isoenergetic, isonitrogenous diets containing a mixture of high fermentable dietary fibers (HFF) or low fermentable (LFF) wood cellulose for 14 days in a randomised cross-over design. An oral glucose tolerance test was then performed and plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)NH2 (GLP-1) measured. Results showed that dogs fed the HFF diet had higher ileal proglucagon mRNA, intestinal (GLP-1) concentrations and the integrated area under the curves (AUC) for plasma GLP-1 and insulin and lower plasma glucose AUC. HFF dogs also had significantly greater intestinal villi heights, brush border and basolateral glucose transporter protein abundance and jejunal transport capacities were In conclusion, improvements in glucose homeostasis are observed in healthy dogs when they ingest fermentable fibres.